DUKW Amphibious 2 1/2 Ton 6x6 Truck
The concept the DUKW Amphibious 2 1/2 Ton 6x6 Truck -- a cargo truck-sized vehicle to unload ships across unprepared beaches without loss of momentum at the surf line -- was first recognized in mid-April 1942. Under the urgency of World War II, using the management of the National Defense Research Commmittee, the first DUKW was swimmiing by early June 1942. First productions models were delivered in November 1942, and DUKWs were first used in quantity in the July 1943 landing in Sicily. By December 1943, production of the DUKW had reached 1,500 per month.
A DUKW belonging to the 532nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment lies alongside a cargo ship in the harbor at Inch'on, Korea while a cargo net is used to transfer supplies to the DUKW for transport to the beach, 12 June 1951.
Truck, Amphibious, 2 1/2 ton, 6x6 DUKW
The DUKW was developed quickly during World War II to meet the need for amphibious cargo transfer from ship to shore. The nomenclature DUKW was assigned by the manufacturer, General Motors Corporation, from:
D= First year of manufacture, 1942
U = Utility vehicle (amphibious)
K = All wheel drive
W = Rear tandem axle
Someone quickly noticed that DUKW could be pronounced "duck" and the "Army Duck" was born.
The DUKW was based on the GMC "deuce and a half" 2 1/2-ton 6x6 CCKW, fitted with a watertight hull and propeller. Following the war, many of the versitile DUKWs were transferred for Coast Guard duty, river patrols or later Civil Defense work. They continue in service today with popular "Duck Tours".
The DUKW was considered an extraordinary success not only for its general technical quality, but also for these reasons:
- Timeliness -- DUKW was both available and needed
- Training -- Considerable effort went into operational training, an effort that was still growing in mid-1945
- Continuing development -- Improvements suggested by field experience were rapidly made, both in the field and on current production models
DUKW production did not keep up with the demand. There were never enough available to meet much more than the basic over-the-beach landing requirements. Few of the secondary uses
proposed -- pontoon bridges, mobile ferries, etc. -- were ever widely tried in the field.
Despite its overall success, the DUKW was criticized from the beginning as too small for reasonable cargo volume, difficult to unload, too slow in the water, too prone to bogging in muddy conditions, and helpless in exiting from the water except over rersonably good sand beaches, These deficiencies led to post-War developments, including the XM147 Super DUKW and the LARC-V (Lighter, Amphibious, Resupply, Cargo, 5 ton capacity).
DUKW Specifications
| Length |
31 feet |
| Width |
8.25 feet |
| Height |
8.8 feet (w/top up) |
| Weight |
7.5 tons |
| Engine |
270 cu in GMC Straight 6 |
| Water speed |
6.4 mph |
| Road speed |
50 mph |
| Number mfg by August 1945 |
21,000 (with 6,000 more on order) |
| Capacity: Troops |
25 or 12 on litters |
| Capacity: Cargo |
5 tons |
The DUKW was the first vehicle with a central tire pressure control, allowing the operator to adjust the tires for hard surface roads (high pressure) or sand (low pressure) from the driver's seat. This is now a feature of the HMMWV and other modern vehicles.
Find additional photos and hi-res versions of the DUKW Truck, Amphibious, 2 1/2 ton, 6x6 at the Olive-Drab Military Mashup.
GMC DUKW Amphibious 2 1/2-ton 6x6 Photo Gallery
DUKW landing in the Philipines.
DUKW rear view, Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation, VA, 3 February 1943.
DUKW at the Texas Military Forces Museum, Camp Mabry, TX, 3 February 2006. Photo: Courtesy of Bob Pettit.
